• Complete Study Material (Updated, Based on latest pattern)
• Most Expected & Probable Questions Sets
• Expert Support ( through email kushmandaeducation@gmail.com)
• Medium:ENGLISH/Hindi

Fee- Rs 6000/-

payment link

 We have an edge over others in Distance Learning Programs through our unique teaching and learning techniques.

Why students should join us?
In this exam “what to study” and “how to study” are the two important factors for success. To solve Exam Specific Questions(Expected Questions) gives you the proper knowledge about the exam pattern(the best answers) as well as makes you sharpen in your speed. By this practise you will get great  positive energy . We are ready to help/support you .
Only one single call our helpline
08607570992,09728926678

Fee has to be paid-by Cash on Delivery or Credit Card or NET BANKING(IMPS/NEFT) or  by DD/Cheque for the full amount favoring KUSHMANDA EDUCATION SERVICES PVT LTD  payable at PANIPAT . “Trust, quality and reliability , the bywords for KUSHMANDA EDUCATION SERVICES PVT LTD,  will remain our guiding force for  both Preliminary as well as Main Exam.”

 “Making good decisions is a crucial skill at every level. You should not waste this opportunity for just a sake of only appearing the examination. Give this attempt with the full fire. So join us immediately.”

How to send request: Only one single call on our helpline number 08607570992,09728926678

or Mail us kushmandaeducation@gmail.com

KUSHMANDA IAS HCS ACADEMY

100 ,BLOCK -C, TDI CITY

PANIPAT, HARYANA

We have an edge over others in Distance Learning Programs through our unique teaching and learning technique

Assistant Director (Landscape)

Post Code :01

Part-I:-
1. Plants: Familiarity with local flora; criteria for plant selection; history of planting design; planting
as a design element with respect to trees, shrubs, ground cover and creepers; planting features like
form, leaf color and texture, color of flowers and fruits in different seasons; role of plant material in
environmental improvement (e.g. soil conservation, modification of microclimate); maintenance of
plant material; preparation of planting concepts, planting plans and plant schedules; estimation of
costs and bill of quantity. Planting design in various environments such as woodlands, forests, rural
areas, urban areas, roadside planting in urban and rural areas, industrial sites and in habitats such as
grasslands, woodlands, sloping areas, marshes, bogs, wetlands, waterside and aquatic planting etc.
Planting for shelter, windbreaks and shelter belts, visual effect and accent; Field ecology: Quadrat,
line transect, community analysis.
2. Geology, Hydrology & Geomorphology: minerals and metals; rock type (igneous, sedimentary,
metamorphic); principles of stratigraphy and geology of India; relationships between geology, soils
and vegetation; morphology and classification of soil type; properties of soils; soil management
(evaluation, water conservation, fertility and plant nutrition, degradation control and reclamation
techniques); hydrological cycle, sources of surface water; watersheds and drainage basins;
infiltration characteristics; rainwater harvesting, artificial recharge; groundwater management,
ground water pollution; landscape evolution. .
3. Site Planning and Landscape Engineering: Site planning process; site character and design
requirement relation; site survey and appraisal; contours and grading principles; efficient surface
drainage pattern and watershed area, calculation of surface runoff, catchments areas and discharge
rate; types of drainage systems, design of surface and sub-surface drainage elements; sports field
drainage; earthwork volume computations; construction of roads, parking, paths, plazas, planter,
water elements, etc; external lighting; irrigation and plumbing system; street/ site furniture;
landscape working drawings; site mobilization and protection measures; water conservation;
protection of water retention structures; soil conservation and erosion control measures; land
reclamation and rehabilitation process; disposal of sludge, fly-ash, solid and liquid waste;
transportation corridors; environment-friendly materials; sustainable landscape features (bioswales,
bio retention ponds etc); estimation of costs and preparation of bill of quantities, specifications and
tender documents. .
4. Landscape Design and Communication: Urban and rural landscape appraisal, analysis and design;
application of ecological principles; language skills for technical report ‘writing and- professional
communications with planning authorities, statutory bodies, contractors and other professionals;
communication techniques in digital media; research ability towards establishing a strong theoretical
background. Ecology: Concept of ecosystem: energy flow; production; biogeochemical cycles;
carbon cycle, global water cycles, nitrogen cycle; bioaccumulation and biomagnifications;
ecosystem services; ecosystem types; ecological succession and maturity; population dynamics;
ecosystem management; climate change.
5. Theory of Landscape Architecture: Concepts of space, time and scale in terms of garden,
landscape and nature; evolution of landscape and garden design in relation to art, architecture and
city planning; changing perceptions of man’s relationship with nature in various phases of history;
environmental and behavioral theories; social and cultural dimensions of landscape; Ancient Indian
traditions; Landscape from various geographic locations and periods, highlighting aspects of Form,
Space and Order; Development of landscape design and gardens; Eastern, Central and Western
traditions; Ancient Heritage: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome. Western Civilization: Europe;
Italy, France and England. The middle-east: The Persian tradition and its far reaching influence.
Eastern Civilisation: China and Japan. Ancient and medieval period in India; Mughal and Rajput
Landscapes. Influences and linkages across cultures and traditions, e.g Chinese tradition and the
English Landscape style, influence of Persian traditions towards the West and East. Colonial
landscape development in India.
22

6. Nineteenth Century Europe: Open space development in its urban design and planning context.
Early industrial towns and the Garden City movement. USA: Further evolution of the public park as
a major component of urban landscape. The work of F. L. Olmsted and other pioneers. Park-Systems
and suburban development centered on open space. The Modern Movement: changing concepts of
space and the relationship of architecture and landscape illustrated through studies of selected works
of the modern masters. Post-war development in Europe: New Towns in England and the concept
of Landscape Structure. Landscape Urbanism; Examples of open space development in new towns
and urban renewal to illustrate the close conceptual relationship between town planning, urban
design and landscape architecture (e.g. Haussmann’s Paris, Lutyen’s Delhi); influence of Ian
McHarg on mid and late 20th Century landscape architecture. The work of selected twentieth century
landscape architects, in the west as well as in India. Contemporary concepts and concerns: “Green”
Architecture and EnergySaving site planning and Landscape Architecture; Cultural landscapes, their
definition, identification, characteristics and policies; Landscape inventory and conservation of
historical landscape; Artistic sensibility in Landscape Architecture, land art; new developments in
urban landscape design. The Indian Context: Understanding contemporary attitudes to open space
design in India: ancient horticultural tradition, Mughal influence, British colonial influence. Trends
in landscape design in India in the late 20th and the first decade of the 21st Century.
7. Landscape Economics, Management & Horticultural Practice: Economics: Cost and benefits
related to open space development; costs: intangible costs, depletion of natural resources,
Management: Landscape management at the regional scale in relation to soil conservation, water
management, grassland management, forestry and agriculture. Management practices related to
urban ecology and urban habitats, such as urban forests, river banks, regional parks and greenbelts:
ecological, economic and administrative issues. Management models. Horticulture Practice:
Nursery establishment and Plant propagation. Establishment and maintenance of grass, shrubs and
trees with respect to: ground preparation, planting and transplanting, pruning; .
8. Landscape Resources: Settlements and Landscape: Siting and evolution of cities; Role of landform,
water systems, climate and vegetation; Illustrative studies of cities in India and elsewhere;
Microclimate; Air pollution; Solid waste management; conservation of water resources and
vegetation cover; Urban forest; Landscape heritage; City development Plans, Zonal Plans.
Development controls and their role in the conservation and creation of urban landscape; Delhi
Master Plan; National Environment Policy; The rural landscape; Forest types of India; Biodiversity,
urban biodiversity, Wetlands: definition, wetland values and conservations; Wastelands
management; Land reclamation and rehabilitation; Watersheds and its management; Ramsar
Convention, Forest Policy and management of forest resources. Conservation Forestry, Bye laws
and planning regulations applicable to landscape development. .
9. Landscape Conservation and Regional Landscape Planning; Concept of Landscape Planning
and Landscape Conservation; Landscape Assessment techniques; Basic quantitative methods of
collecting, analyzing, projecting and presenting data for Landscape Planning. Landscape
Conservation: Priorities, Policies and Programmes; National parks and other protective
designations; Biodiversity and Biosphere reserves; Endangered landscapes; Aspects of watershed
management. The application of landscape planning techniques to large scale developments such as
infrastructure and power projects, extractive and manufacturing industry, new towns and urban
extensions, and developments for tourism and eco-tourism; Landscape perception, visual assessment
and the aesthetic dimension of landscape planning. Environmental Impact Assessment and the
Environmental Impact Statement: Theory and Practice; role of Environmental Legislation and the
Ministry of Environment and Forests. .
10. Landscape Project Management and Professional Practice: The role of statutory and regulatory
bodies such as the Municipal Corporation, N.D.M.C, D.D.A and Urban Art commission etc.;
Construction administration , Implementation process; Sequence of activities from inception to
completion; progress evaluation and monitoring: (Estimation), Site documentation, Techniques of
inspection and quality control; Construction documents Comparison of various kind of tenders with
regard to objectives, utility and appropriateness. Tender Documentation and evaluation of tender;
negotiations with contractors. Contract Documentation: Forms of contract; General and special
conditions, specifications, Bill of quantities; significant clauses pertaining to defects, maintenance,
arbitrations, etc. Parties to the contract; their roles, contractual relationships and legal obligations;
Forms of agreement, conditions of engagement, scope of work and services to be provided. Scale of
Professional Fees: Relationship of Landscape Architect with other professionals. Landscape Design
Competitions: Types, Guidelines.

Part-II:-
To measure candidate’s reasoning ability, quantitative aptitude and proficiency in English and
General Awareness
a) Test of Reasoning
b) Test of Quantitative Aptitude
c) Test of General Awareness and
d) Test of English Language